After logging in to your server via ssh:
 $ find / -type f -printf "%s %h/%f\n" | sort -rn -k1 | head -n 50 | awk '{ print $1/1048576 "MB" " " $2}' ( hit enter )

From Terminal:
$ mysqladmin processlist ( hit enter )

Run this in terminal to install Apache, MySQL and PHP:
$ sudo apt-get install lamp-server^ ( hit enter )

Make /var/www writable to all in terminal type this command:
$ sudo chmod -R 777 /var/www ( hit enter )

Restart Apache to activate PHP, in terminal run this command:
$ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart ( hit enter )

If you want to test out if PHP is ready and running, in terminal:
$ touch /var/www/test.php

That will create a file called test.php in /var/www/
Now, edit that file using terminal enter this command:
$ nano /var/www/test.php ( hit enter )

This will open up an editor called nano, you can use VI or any other editor.

enter this:
phpinfo();
?>

Then you need to save it, so you hold down the control button, and then hit the LETTER O, then hit enter again to save it as the same name file. Then to close you hold down the control button again and hit the LETTER X.

Download phpmyadmin from sourceforge and unzip it into /var/www/ I had to rename it to just phpmyadmin instead of the current release name ( so I could remember it ).

There are several ways via command line to check memory:

$ free -m

$ free -t -m

$ vmstat

$ top

With this command, you can clear, clean out a log file

$ > logfilename.log

So whats happening here is the > tells it to remove ( i think ) and the logfilename.log is the file you want to clear out.

This is just a list of commands I know I wont remember, so I am putting them here for reference

grep “status=sent” /var/log/maillog | grep “Aug  5″ | awk ‘{print }’ | awk -F “=” ‘{print }’ | awk -F “<” ‘{print }’ | awk -F “>” ‘{print }’ | sort | uniq -c | sort -n

grep “status=sent” /var/log/maillog | grep “Aug  5″ | grep “to=<*>”

grep “status=sent” /var/log/maillog | grep “Aug  5″ | wc -l

grep “ralbin@abcompany.com” /var/log/maillog | wc -l

less /var/log/maillog

grep “abc@hotmail.com” /var/log/maillog

Make sure you cd into the folder you want to delete all the contents
$rm -rf * ( hit enter )

That should remove any contents in that folder you are currently in

rsync is a software application for Unix and Windows systems which synchronizes files and directories from one location to another while minimizing data transfer using delta encoding when appropriate. An important feature of rsync not found in most similar programs/protocols is that the mirroring takes place with only one transmission in each direction. rsync can copy or display directory contents and copy files, optionally using compression and recursion.

In daemon mode, rsync listens on the default TCP port of 873, serving files in the native rsync protocol or via a remote shell such as RSH or SSH. In the latter case, the rsync client executable must be installed on both the local and the remote host.

I use rsync a lot specially to backup my important files between two computers, but also to keep my local slackware repository up to date.

rsync is great to keep folders and files synchronized between two computers or in the same computer, you can backup all your important data to an external disk using rsync.
rsync uses
Copy files with rsync

From local to remote computer

rsync –progress –partial -avz /folder/to/copy/ user@remote.server:/remote/folder

This will copy all files in /folder/to/copy/ to /remote/folder in the remote server, the folder copy itself will not be created in the remote computer, and only its contents will be copied, if you want the folder itself to also be created and then its contents copied inside the newly created copy folder, use this command.

rsync –progress –partial -avz /folder/to/copy user@remote.server:/remote/folder

Note the trailing slash after copy that makes the difference. The rest of options are:

progress: will show the percentage of the file copied
partial: tells rsync to keep the partial file which should make a subsequent transfer of the rest of the file much faster.
a: Archive, It is a quick way of saying you want recursion and want to preserve almost everything.
v: Verbose
z: Compress the files so less bandwidth is needed, and the files are copied faster.

From remote to local computer

rsync –progress –partial -avz user@remote.server:/folder/to/copy/ /local/folder

If you want to copy specific files, include it in the path.

rsync –progress –partial -v /path/to/file/file.ext user@remote.server:/remote/folder/

From one folder to another folder, in the same local computer

rsync -av /source/folder /destination/folder

Synchronize two folders with rsync

If you want to keep two folders in sync rsync is also your best option.

From local to remote computer

rsync -avz –delete /source/folder user@remote.server:/destination/folder

From remote to local computer

rsync -avz –delete user@remote.server:/source/folder /destination/folder

From one folder to another on the same server

rsync -av –delete /source/folder /destination/folder

The last one is great to backup your files to an external drive, this what I usually do:

rsync -av –delete /home/guillermo/ /media/disk/backup-guillermo/

Then I can unplug the external disk, until the next rsync backup. The –delete option will delete the files in the destination folder, that have been deleted in the source folder, that way the two folders will always be in sync.

One last tip: If you need to limit bandwidth used from in a rsync backup connection use –bwlimit=KBPS and tell rsync how much bandwidth in Kbytes pers second can be used.

/var/log/maillog/

$ grep “status=sent” /var/log/maillog | grep “Aug 5″ | wc -l

Will return the number of emails

Create tape archives and add or extract files.

Syntax

tar c [ bBeEfFhiklnopPqvwX [ 0-7 ] ] [ block ] [ tarfile ] [ exclude-file ] {-I include-file | -C directory | file | file }

tar r [ bBeEfFhiklnqvw [ 0-7 ] ] [ block ] {-I include-file | -C directory | file | file }

tar t [ BefFhiklnqvX [ 0-7 ] ] [ tarfile ] [ exclude-file ] {-I include-file | file } …

tar u [ bBeEfFhiklnqvw [ 0-7 ] ] [ block ] [ tarfile ] file …

tar x [ BefFhiklmnopqvwX [ 0-7 ] ] [ tarfile ] [ exclude-file ] [ file ... ]

c Create. Writing begins at the beginning of the tarfile, instead of at the end.
r Replace. The named file s are written at the end of the tarfile. A file created with extended headers must be updated with extended headers (see E flag under Function Modifiers). A file created without extended headers cannot be modified with extended headers.
t Table of Contents. The names of the specified files are listed each time they occur in the tar file. If no file argument is given, the names of all files in the tarfile are listed. With the v
function modifier, additional information for the specified files is displayed.
u Update. The named file s are written at the end of the tarfile if they are not already in the tar file, or if they have been modified since last written to that tarfile. An update can be rather slow. A tarfile created on a 5.x system cannot be updated on a 4.x system. A file created with extended headers must be updated with extended headers (see E flag under Function Modifiers). A file created without extended headers cannot be modified with extended headers.
x Extract or restore. The named file s are extracted from the tarfile and written to the directory specified in the tarfile, relative to the current directory. Use the relative path names of files and directories to be extracted. If a named file matches a directory whose contents has been writ ten to the tarfile, this directory is recursively extracted. The owner, modification time, and mode are restored (if possible); otherwise, to restore owner, you must be the super-user. Character special and block-special devices (created by mknod(1M)) can only be extracted by the super user. If no file argument is given, the entire content of the tarfile is extracted. If the tar- file contains several files with the same name, each file is written to the appropriate directory, overwriting the previous one. Filename substitu tion wildcards cannot be used for extracting files from the archive; rather, use a command of the form:
tar xvf… /dev/rmt/0 `tar tf… /dev/rmt/0 | grep ‘pattern’ `

When extracting tapes created with the r or u functions, directory modification times may not be set correctly. These same functions cannot be used with many tape drives due to tape drive limitations such as the absence of backspace or append capabilities.

When using the r, u, or x functions or the X function modifier, the named files must match exactly the corresponding files in the tarfile. For example, to extract ./thisfile, you must specify ./thisfile, and not thisfile. The t function displays how each file was archived.

Function Modifiers
The characters below may be used in conjunction with the letter that selects the desired function.

b Blocking Factor. Use when reading or writing to raw magnetic archives (see f below). The block argument specifies the number of 512-byte tape blocks to be included in each read or write operation performed on the tarfile. The minimum is 1, the default is 20. The maximum value is a function of the amount of memory available and the blocking requirements of the specific tape device involved (see mtio(7I) for details.) The maximum cannot exceed INT_MAX/512 (4194303).
When a tape archive is being read, its actual blocking factor will be automatically detected, provided that it is less than or equal to the nominal blocking factor (the value of the block argument, or the default value if the b modifier is not specified). If the actual blocking factor is greater than the nominal blocking factor, a read error will result. See Example 5 in Examples.

B Block. Force tar to perform multiple reads (if necessary) to read exactly enough bytes to fill a block. This function modifier enables tar to work across the Ethernet, since pipes and sockets return partial blocks even when more data is coming. When reading from standard input, ‘-’, this function modifier is selected by default to ensure that tar can recover from short reads.
e Error. Exit immediately with a positive exit status if any unexpected errors occur. The SYSV3 environment variable overrides the default behavior. (See ENVIRONMENT section below.)
E Write a tarfile with extended headers. (Used with c, r, or u options; ignored with t or x options.) When a tarfile is written with extended headers, the modification time is maintained with a granularity of microseconds rather than seconds. In addition, filenames no longer than PATH_MAX characters that could not be archived without E, and file sizes greater than 8GB, are supported. The E flag is required with larger files and files with longer names, or whose UID/GID exceed 2097151, are to be archived, or if time granularity of microseconds is desired.
f File. Use the tarfile argument as the name of the tarfile. If f is specified, /etc/default/tar is
not searched. If f is omitted, tar will use the device indicated by the TAPE environment variable, if set; otherwise, it will use the default values defined in /etc/default/tar. If the name of the tarfile is ‘-’, tar writes to the standard output or reads from the standard input, whichever is appropriate. tar can be used as the head or tail of a pipeline. tar can also be used to move hierarchies with the command:
example% cd fromdir; tar cf – .| (cd todir; tar xfBp -)

F With one F argument, tar excludes all directories named SCCS and RCS from the tarfile. With two arguments, FF, tar excludes all directories named SCCS and RCS, all files with .o as their suffix, and all files named errs, core, and a.out. The SYSV3 environment variable overrides the default behavior. (See ENVIRONMENT section below.)
h Follow symbolic links as if they were normal files or directories. Normally, tar does not follow symbolic links.
i Ignore directory checksum errors.
-j, –bzip2 filter archive through bzip2, use to decompress .bz2 files. WARNING: some previous versions of tar used option -I to filter through bzip2. When writing scripts, use –bzip2 instead of -j so that both older and newer tar versions will work.
k size Requires tar to use the size argument as the size of an archive in kilobytes. This is useful when the archive is intended for a fixed size device such as floppy disks. Large files are then split across volumes if they do not fit in the specified size.
l Link. Output error message if unable to resolve all links to the files being archived. If l is not specified, no error messages are printed.
m Modify. The modification time of the file is the time of extraction. This function modifier is
valid only with the x function.
n The file being read is a non-tape device. Reading of the archive is faster since tar can randomly seek around the archive.
o Ownership. Assign to extracted files the user and group identifiers of the user running the program, rather than those on tarfile. This is the default behavior for users other than root. If the o function modifier is not set and the user is root, the extracted files will take on the group and user identifiers of the files on tarfile (see chown for more information). The o function modifier is only valid with the x function.
p Restore the named files to their original modes, and ACLs if applicable, ignoring the present umask. This is the default behavior if invoked as super-user with the x function letter specified. If super-user, SETUID and sticky information are also extracted, and files are restored with their original owners and permissions, rather than owned by root. When this function modifier is used with the c function, ACLs are created in the tarfile along with other information. Errors will occur when a tarfile with ACLs is extracted by
previous versions of tar .
P Suppress the addition of a trailing “/” on directory entries in the archive.
q Stop after extracting the first occurrence of the named file. tar will normally continue reading the archive after finding an occurrence of a file.
v Verbose. Output the name of each file preceded by the function letter. With the t function, v provides additional information about the tarfile entries. The listing is similar to the format produced by the -l option of the ls command.
w What. Output the action to be taken and the name of the file, then await the user’s confirmation. If the response is affirmative, the action is performed; otherwise, the action is not performed. This function modifier cannot be used with the t function.
X Exclude. Use the exclude-file argument as a file containing a list of relative path names for files (or directories) to be excluded from the tarfile when using the functions c, x, or t. Be careful of trailing white spaces. Also beware of leading white spaces, since, for each line in the excluded file, the entire line (apart from the newline) will be used to match against the initial string of files to exclude. Multiple X arguments may be used, with one exclude-file per argument. In the case where included files (see -I include-file option) are also specified, the excluded files take precedence over all included files. If a file is specified in both the exclude-file and the include-file (or on the command line), it will be excluded.
[0-7] Select an alternative drive on which the tape is mounted. The default entries are specified in /etc/default/tar. If no digit or f function modifier is specified, the entry in /etc/default/tar with digit “0″ is the default.
-I include-file Opens include-file containing a list of files, one per line, and treats it as if each file appeared separately on the command line. Be careful of trailing white spaces. Also beware of leading white spaces, since, for each line in the included file, the entire line (apart from the newline) will be used to match against the initial string of files to include. In the case where excluded files (see X function modifier) are also specified, they take precedence over all included files. If a file is specified in both the exclude-file and the include-file (or on the command line), it will be excluded.
Remainder Syntax

-C directory file Performs a chdir (see cd(1)) operation on directory and performs the c (create) or r (replace) operation on file . Use short relative path names for file . If file is `.’, archive all files in directory. This option enables archiving files from multiple directories not related by a close common parent.
file A path name of a regular file or directory to be archived (when the c, r or u functions are specified), extracted (x) or listed (t). When file is the path name of a directory, the action applies to all of the files and (recursively) subdirectories of that directory.
When a file is archived, and the E flag (see Function Modifiers) is not specified, the filename cannot exceed 256 characters. In addition, it must be possible to split the name between parent directory names so that the prefix is no longer than 155 characters and the name is no longer than 100 characters. If E is specified, a name of up to PATH_MAX characters may be specified.

For example, a file whose basename is longer than 100 characters could not be archived without using the E flag. A file whose directory portion is 200 characters and whose basename is 50 characters could be archived (without using E) if a slash appears in the directory name somewhere in character positions 151-156.

Examples

Note: A “.tar” file is not a compressed files, it is a collection of files within a single file uncompressed. If the file is a .tar.gz (“tarball”) or “.tgz” file it is a collection of files that is compressed. If you are looking to compress a file you would create the tar file then gzip the file.

Creating a tar file:

tar -cvwf file.tar myfile.txt

In the above example the system would create a tar named file.tar in the directory you currently are in. Wildcards could also be used in this command, for example: tar -cvwf file.tar *.txt would compress all txt files in the current directory.

tar -cvwf home.tar home/

In the above example command the system would create a tar file named home.tar in the directory you currently are in of the home directory.

Extracting the files from a tar file:

tar -xvwf myfile.tar

In the above example command the system would uncompress (untar) the myfile.tar file in the current directory.

tar -xvwzf myfile.tar.gz

In the above example command the system would uncompress (untar) the myfile.tar.gz file in the current directory.

Note: There is no “untar” Linux and Unix command.

Creating a tarred file that is compressed with bzip

tar -cjvf test.tbz home/

Adding the j option to the tar command enables tar to compress files and directories using bzip. In the above example the home directory and all its subdirectories are added to the compressed test.tbz file.